''For other people with the name Michael Bruce Currie, please [[Other people with the name "Michael Currie"|visit this page]]''
The Currie line:
* Glen (1811-1850 at the latest)
[[File:Michael Currie2018.png|thumb|Michael B. Currie, 2018]]
* John (1846-1911)
'''Michael Bruce Currie''' (Thai [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_language]: ไมเคิล บรูซ เคอรี่), born {{Birth date and age|1982|6|8|df=yes}}, is a Canadian-born man involved in the software industry.
* Alex (1890-1964)
* Jack (1915-2009)
* Ron (1947-)
* Michael (1982-)
In fact, the Currie line in North America as started by [[John Currie]] depends entirely on five individuals:
==Ancestry==
* Through his paternal grandfather [[Jack Currie|Jack]] (head of sales in the 1970s for Centra Gas in Port Arthur), he descends from a family involved in the rail industry, and previously the wool industry, arriving from Galashiels, Scotland, into Almonte, Ontario in 1882.
* Through his paternal grandmother [[Lucy Currie|Lucy Cooke]], he descends from Welsh and English in the rail industry who immigrated to Winnipeg around 1913.
* Through his maternal grandfather [[Bruce Newman]] (an engineer of electrical power meters for Sangamo in Toronto in the 1960s), although born in New York, he descends from relatively wealthy Irish and English farmers who arrived around 1845 to Essex County, Ontario, ironically having the deepest roots in Canada among Michael's four grandparents.
* Through his maternal grandmother [[Ruth Newman|Ruth Coulter]] (an award-winning piano teacher), he descends from long-lived, deeply religious farmer immigrants, from Scotland (arriving 1841 to Puslinch, Ontario) and Ireland (arriving 1871 to Milverton, Ontario).
==Early life==
He was born 8 June 1982 in London, Ontario, to [[Ron Currie]] and [[Mary Ann Currie]]. The eponym of his middle name is his mother's father, [[Bruce Newman]].
At the time of his birth, his mother had just completed law school at the University of Western Ontario. A month after his birth, he moved permanently with his mother and father to Ron's hometown, living at 71 [[South Hill Street, Thunder Bay]], Ontario. [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder_Bay]
When his mother began articling to begin her law career in September 1982, his maternal grandmother [[Ruth Newman]] moved in to help raise him. She left in June 1983 after his father finished teaching for the school year.
His sister [[Carolyn Trottier|Carolyn]] was born 2 February 1985.
With his parents and sister he spent a year in Dijon, France, from Fall 1987 to Spring 1988, and during this time he attended [https://www.bienpublic.com/education/2021/12/06/des-parents-d-eleves-s-opposent-a-la-fermeture-de-l-ecole-marmuzots l’école maternelle Marmuzots] [which closed in 2022].
Besides this stint, he spent his formative years in Thunder Bay, attending [[Pine Street School]] from Kindergarten until Grade 6, [https://gronmorgan.lakeheadschools.ca/ École Gron Morgan Public School] from Grade 7 to Grade 8, and [[Hammarskjold High School]] from Grade 9 until his Ontario Academic Credit (OAC, or Grade 13) year. He graduated from high school in June 2001.
Descendants of Allen Currie (1943-) ??
''See main article: [[Pine Street School]]''
Michael Currie (1982-)
Jackson Currie
Grady Currie
Samuel David Currie (2006-)
Theo Reis Currie (2009-)
==Places of residence==
In August 2000 Currie acted in [[Kim Hansen]]'s summer stock production of [https://www.concordtheatricals.com/p/2304/dirty-work-at-the-crossroads Dirty Work at the Crossroads], acting as hillbilly "Mookie McGuggins" opposite Hansen, and others, including Jenny Costanzo [https://www.linkedin.com/in/jenny-costanzo-767a773b/?originalSubdomain=ca]. The play was staged in the atrium of [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William_Historical_Park Old Fort William]. That December, he also acted in a comedy show for a corporate event Hansen had booked.
{| class="wikitable"
In May 2001 Currie won an honourable mention in the [[BP/EUI Essay Contest 2001|BP/EUI Essay Contest]].
|-
! Year
In July 2001 Currie attended [[Shad Valley Dalhousie 2001|Shad Valley, at the Dalhousie University campus]].
! Places lived more than two weeks
|-
| 1982
| London Ontario, Thunder Bay
|-
| 1983
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1984
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1985
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1986
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1987
| Thunder Bay, Dijon
|-
| 1988
| Dijon, Thunder Bay
|-
| 1989
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1990
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1991
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1992
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1993
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1994
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1995
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1996
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1997
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1998
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 1999
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 2000
| Thunder Bay
|-
| 2001
| Thunder Bay, Halifax, Waterloo
|-
| 2002
| Waterloo, Oxford
|-
| 2003
| Toronto, Waterloo
|-
| 2004
| Waterloo
|-
| 2005
| Waterloo
|-
| 2006
| Toronto, New York City, Waterloo
|-
| 2007
| Calgary
|-
| 2008
| Calgary
|-
| 2009
| Calgary
|-
| 2010
| Calgary
|-
| 2011
| Calgary
|-
| 2012
| Calgary
|-
| 2013
| Calgary
|-
| 2014
| Calgary
|-
| 2015
| Calgary
|-
| 2016
| Calgary, Bangkok
|-
| 2017
| Calgary, Saskatoon, Bangkok
|-
| 2018
| Bangkok
|}
{{Redirect|Mary I|other people named Mary I|Mary I (disambiguation)}}
==Adult life==
{{pp-pc1}}
From September 2001 Currie attended the [https://uwaterloo.ca/ Universty of Waterloo]. He received his degree in Mathematical Sciences in Spring 2007.
{{Use British English|date=October 2012}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2012}}
{{Infobox royalty
| name = Mary I
| image = [[File:Maria Tudor1.jpg|232px]]
| caption = Portrait by [[Antonis Mor]], 1554
| alt = Mary has a high forehead, thin lips and hair parted in the middle
| succession = [[List of English monarchs|Queen of England]] and [[List of Irish monarchs|Ireland]]
| moretext = ([[Styles of English sovereigns|more...]])
| reign = July 1553<ref>Her half-brother died on 6 July; she was proclaimed his successor in London on 19 July; her regnal years were dated from 24 July (Weir, p. 160).</ref> – <br> 17 November 1558
| coronation = 1 October 1553
| predecessor = [[Lady Jane Grey|Jane]] ''(disputed) or'' [[Edward VI]]
| regent = [[Philip II of Spain|Philip]]
| reg-type = Co-monarch
| successor = [[Elizabeth I]]
| succession1 = [[Queen consort of Spain]]
| reign1 = 16 January 1556 – <br> 17 November 1558
| reign-type1 = Tenure
| birth_date = 18 February 1516
| birth_place = [[Palace of Placentia]], [[Greenwich]]
| death_date = 17 November 1558 (aged 42)
| death_place = [[St James's Palace]], London
| date of burial = 14 December 1558
| place of burial = [[Westminster Abbey]], London
| spouse = {{marriage|[[Philip II of Spain]]|25 July 1554}}
| house = [[House of Tudor|Tudor]]
| father = [[Henry VIII of England]]
| mother = [[Catherine of Aragon]]
| religion = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| signature = Mary I Signature.svg
}}
'''Mary I''' (18 February 1516 – 17 November 1558) was the [[List of English monarchs|Queen of England]] and [[Monarchy of Ireland|Ireland]] from July 1553 until her death. She is best known for her aggressive attempt to reverse the [[English Reformation]], which had begun during the reign of her father, [[Henry VIII]]. The executions that marked her pursuit of the [[English Reformation#Roman Catholic Restoration under Mary I|restoration of Roman Catholicism in England and Ireland]] led to her denunciation as "'''Bloody Mary'''" by her [[Protestant]] opponents.
From 2007 until 2016 Currie lived primarily in Calgary, Alberta, working as a software developer and analyst in the financial services industry.
Mary was the only child of Henry VIII by his first wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], to survive to adulthood. Her younger half-brother [[Edward VI]] (son of Henry and [[Jane Seymour]]) succeeded their father in 1547 at the age of nine. When Edward became mortally ill in 1553, he attempted to remove Mary from the line of succession because he supposed (accurately) that she would reverse the Protestant reforms that had begun during his reign. On his death, leading politicians tried to proclaim [[Lady Jane Grey]] as queen. Mary assembled a force in [[East Anglia]] and deposed Jane, who was ultimately beheaded. Mary was—excluding the disputed reigns of Jane and the [[Empress Matilda]]—the first [[queen regnant]] of England. In 1554, Mary married [[Philip II of Spain|Philip of Spain]], becoming [[queen consort]] of [[Habsburg Spain]] on his accession in 1556, but she never visited Spain.
Since 2016 Currie has resided mostly in Asia. In 2018 he founded [https://www.flingai.com/about-us Fling] (now known as Fling AI), which as of 2024 provides AI software and services for the logistics industry. From 2020 to 2025 was a director of the [https://www.canchamthailand.org/ Thai-Canadian Chamber of Commerce].
During her five-year reign, Mary had over 280<!--estimates vary but all say over 280--> religious dissenters [[Death by burning|burned at the stake]] in the [[Marian persecutions]]. After Mary's death in 1558, her re-establishment of Roman Catholicism was [[Elizabethan Religious Settlement|reversed]] by her younger half-sister and successor [[Elizabeth I]], daughter of Henry and [[Anne Boleyn]], at the beginning of the 45-year [[Elizabethan Era]].
==Death==
As of 2019 according to actuarial tables, Currie's expected year of death is 2057, at age 75.
==Birth and family==
==Publications==
Mary was born on 18 February 1516 at the [[Palace of Placentia]] in [[Greenwich, England]]. She was the only child of [[King Henry VIII]] by his first wife, [[Catherine of Aragon]], to survive infancy. Her mother had many miscarriages;<ref>Waller, p. 16; Whitelock, p. 9</ref> before Mary's birth, four previous pregnancies had resulted in a [[stillborn]] daughter and three short-lived or stillborn sons, including [[Henry, Duke of Cornwall]].<ref>Loades, pp. 12–13; Weir, pp. 152–153</ref> She was baptised into the Catholic faith at the Church of the Observant Friars in Greenwich three days after her birth.<ref>Porter, p. 13; Waller, p. 16; Whitelock, p. 7</ref> Her godparents included her great-aunt the [[Catherine of York|Countess of Devon]], [[Lord Chancellor]] [[Thomas Wolsey]], and the [[Agnes Howard, Duchess of Norfolk|Duchess of Norfolk]].<ref>Porter, pp. 13, 37; Waller, p. 17</ref> Henry VIII's cousin once removed, [[Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury]], stood sponsor for Mary's [[confirmation]], which was held immediately after the baptism.<ref>Porter, p. 13; Waller, p. 17; Whitelock, p. 7</ref> The following year, Mary became a godmother herself when she was named as one of the sponsors of her cousin [[Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk|Frances Brandon]].<ref>Loades, p. 28; Porter, p. 15</ref> In 1520, the Countess of Salisbury was appointed Mary's [[governess]].<ref>Loades, p. 29; Porter, p. 16; Waller, p. 20; Whitelock, p. 21</ref> [[John Hussey, 1st Baron Hussey of Sleaford|Sir John Hussey]], later Lord Hussey, was her [[Chamberlain (office)|chamberlain]] from 1530, and his wife, Lady Anne, daughter of [[George Grey, 2nd Earl of Kent]], was one of Mary's attendants.<ref>Hoyle, p. 407</ref>
==Education and early marriage plans==
Currie, Michael Bruce. (2001). “A Solution to Transatlantic Trade Disputes.” ''Resolving and Preventing US-EU Trade Disputes: Six prize-winning essays from the BP/EUI transatlantic essay contest.'' ISSN: 1830-155X, Series/Number: EUI RSCAS DL, Publisher: European University Institute https://curriepedia.mywikis.wiki/wiki/BP/EUI_Essay_Contest_2001 https://zenodo.org/records/59168
[[File:Mary Tudor by Horenbout.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Mary as a snub-nosed girl with red hair|Mary at the time of her engagement to Charles V. She is wearing a rectangular brooch inscribed with "The Emperour".<ref>Whitelock, p. 23</ref>]]
Mary was a precocious child.<ref>Whitelock, p. 27</ref> In July 1520, when scarcely four and a half years old, she entertained a visiting French delegation with a performance on the [[virginals]] (a type of [[harpsichord]]).<ref>Loades, pp. 19–20; Porter, p. 21</ref> A great part of her early education came from her mother, who consulted the Spanish [[humanism|humanist]] [[Juan Luis Vives]] for advice and commissioned him to write ''De Institutione Feminae Christianae'', a treatise on the education of girls.<ref>Loades, p. 31; Porter, p. 30</ref> By the age of nine, Mary could read and write Latin.<ref>Porter, p. 28; Whitelock, p. 27</ref> She studied French, Spanish, music, dance, and perhaps Greek.<ref>Loades, pp. 32, 43</ref> Henry VIII doted on his daughter and boasted to the Venetian ambassador Sebastian Giustiniani, "This girl never cries".<ref>''Domine Orator, per Deum immortalem, ista puella nunquam plorat'', quoted in Whitelock, p. 17</ref> Also, as the miniature portrait of her shows, Mary had, like both her parents, a very fair complexion, pale blue eyes and red or reddish-golden hair. She was also ruddy cheeked, a trait she inherited from her father.<ref>Giles Tremlett, "Catherine of Aragon, Henry's Spanish Queen" p.244</ref>
Avelino Javer, Michael Currie, Chee Wai Lee, Jim Hokanson, Kezhi Li, Céline N Martineau, Eviatar Yemini, Laura J Grundy, Chris Li, QueeLim Ch’ng, William R Schafer, Ellen AA Nollen, Rex Kerr, André EX Brown. (2016). “Open-source platform for analyzing and sharing *C. elegans* behavior data.” ''Nature Methods''. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6284784/
Despite his affection for Mary, Henry was deeply disappointed that his marriage had produced no sons.<ref>Tittler, p. 1</ref> By the time Mary was nine years old, it was apparent that Henry and Catherine would have no more children, leaving Henry without a legitimate male heir.<ref>Loades, p. 37; Porter, pp. 38–39; Whitelock, pp. 32–33</ref> In 1525, Henry sent Mary to the border of [[Wales]] to preside, presumably in name only, over the [[Council of Wales and the Marches]].<ref>Porter, pp. 38–39; Whitelock, pp. 32–33</ref> She was given her own [[Court (royal)|court]] based at [[Ludlow Castle]] and many of the [[royal prerogative]]s normally reserved for the [[Prince of Wales]]. Vives and others called her the [[Princess of Wales]], although she was never technically invested with the title.<ref>Waller, p. 23</ref> She appears to have spent three years in the [[Welsh Marches]], making regular visits to her father's court, before returning permanently to the [[home counties]] around London in mid-1528.<ref>Loades, pp. 41–42, 45</ref>
Szigeti, B., Gleeson, P., Vella, M., Khayrulin, S., Palyanov, A., Hokanson, J., Currie, M. B., Cantarelli, M., Idili, G., Linaro, D., Birgiolas, J., et al. (2018). “OpenWorm: overview and recent advances in integrative biological simulation of ''Caenorhabditis elegans''” ''Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences'' **373** (1758). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0382
Throughout Mary's childhood, Henry negotiated potential future marriages for her. When she was only two years old, she was promised to [[Francis III, Duke of Brittany|Francis]], the infant son of [[King Francis I of France]], but the contract was repudiated after three years.<ref>Porter, pp. 20–21; Waller, pp. 20–21; Whitelock, pp. 18–23</ref> In 1522, at the age of six, she was instead contracted to marry her 22-year-old first cousin, [[Holy Roman Emperor]] [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]].<ref>Loades, pp. 22–23; Porter, pp. 21–24; Waller, p. 21; Whitelock, p. 23</ref> However, the engagement was broken off within a few years by Charles with Henry's agreement.<ref>Whitelock, pp. 30–31</ref> [[Cardinal Wolsey]], Henry's chief adviser, then resumed marriage negotiations with the French, and Henry suggested that Mary marry the Dauphin's father, King Francis I himself, who was eager for an alliance with England.<ref>Whitelock, pp. 36–37</ref> A marriage treaty was signed which provided that Mary marry either Francis I or his second son [[Henry II of France|Henry, Duke of Orleans]],<ref>Whitelock, pp. 37–38</ref> but Wolsey secured an alliance with France without the marriage.
Srivilaithon, W., Khunkhlai, N., Currie, M. (2025). “Flight testing of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in suburban Thailand.” *Scientific Reports* **15**, 6936. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91924-x
According to the [[Republic of Venice|Venetian]] Mario Savorgnano, by this time Mary was developing into a pretty, well-proportioned young lady with a fine complexion.<ref>Mario Savorgnano, 25 August 1531, ''Calendar of State Papers, Venetian'', vol. IV, p. 682, quoted in Loades, p. 63</ref>
Currie, Michael B. "A life devoted to dance" (a biography of Thunder Bay's Amelia Jackson). [https://www.bayviewmagazine.com/ Bayview Magazine], 23 September 2023. [https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/wzdoegkjesowoozkb8yvc/2023-09-23-04.26.54.jpeg?rlkey=rmoxkso6lfs1rm7ni23y57ygw&st=hcmsptyy&dl=0]
==Adolescence==
'''Self-published:'''
Meanwhile, the marriage of Mary's parents was in jeopardy. Disappointed at the lack of a male heir, and eager to remarry, Henry attempted to have his marriage to Catherine [[annulment|annulled]], but [[Pope Clement VII]] refused his request. Henry claimed, citing biblical passages ([[Book of Leviticus|Leviticus]] 20:21), that his marriage to Catherine was unclean because she was the widow of his brother [[Arthur, Prince of Wales|Arthur]] (Mary's uncle). Catherine claimed that her marriage to Arthur was never [[consummate]]d and so was not a valid marriage. Her first marriage had been annulled by a previous pope, [[Pope Julius II|Julius II]], on that basis. Clement may have been reluctant to act because he was influenced by Charles V, Catherine's nephew and Mary's former betrothed, whose troops had [[Sack of Rome (1527)|surrounded and occupied Rome]] in the [[War of the League of Cognac]].<ref>Porter, pp. 56, 78; Whitelock, p. 40</ref>
From 1531, Mary was often sick with irregular menstruation and depression, although it is not clear whether this was caused by stress, puberty or a more deep-seated disease.<ref>Waller, p. 27</ref> She was not permitted to see her mother, who had been sent to live away from court by Henry.<ref>Porter, p. 76; Whitelock, p. 48</ref> In early 1533, Henry married [[Anne Boleyn]], who was pregnant with his child, and in May [[Thomas Cranmer]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]], formally declared the marriage with Catherine void, and the marriage to Anne valid. Henry repudiated the authority of the Pope, declaring himself Supreme Head of the [[Church of England]]. Catherine was demoted to Dowager Princess of Wales (a title she would have held as the widow of Arthur), and Mary was deemed illegitimate. She was styled "The Lady Mary" rather than Princess, and her place in the line of succession was transferred to her newborn half-sister, [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth]], Anne's daughter.<ref>Porter, p. 92; Whitelock, pp. 55–56</ref> Mary's own household was dissolved;<ref>Loades, p. 77; Porter, p. 92; Whitelock, p. 57</ref> her servants (including the Countess of Salisbury) were dismissed and in December 1533 she was sent to join the household of the infant Elizabeth at [[Hatfield, Hertfordshire]].<ref>Loades, p. 78; Whitelock, p. 57</ref>
Currie, Michael Bruce (2025). “Glass Houses: Why Offensive Weapons Force K2 Civilizations to Transcend.” ''Medium''. https://medium.com/@michaelbcurrie/glass-houses-why-offensive-weapons-force-k2-civilizations-to-transcend-473765fdccd7
Mary determinedly refused to acknowledge that Anne was the queen or that Elizabeth was a princess, further enraging King Henry.<ref>Porter, pp. 97–101; Whitelock, pp. 55–69</ref> Under strain and with her movements restricted, Mary was frequently ill, which the royal physician attributed to her "ill treatment".<ref>Dr [[William Butts]], quoted in Waller, p. 31</ref> The Imperial ambassador [[Eustace Chapuys]] became her close adviser, and interceded, unsuccessfully, on her behalf at court.<ref>Loades, pp. 84–85</ref> The relationship between Mary and her father worsened; they did not speak to each other for three years.<ref>Porter, p. 100</ref> Although both she and her mother were ill, Mary was refused permission to visit Catherine.<ref>Porter, pp. 103–104; Whitelock, pp. 67–69, 72</ref> When Catherine died in 1536, Mary was "inconsolable".<ref>Letter from Emperor Charles V to [[Isabella of Portugal|Empress Isabella]], quoted in Whitelock, p. 75</ref> Catherine was interred in [[Peterborough Cathedral]], while Mary grieved in semi-seclusion at [[Hunsdon]] in Hertfordshire.<ref>Porter, p. 107; Whitelock, p. 76–77</ref>
Currie, Michael Bruce (2026). “Darwinian, Not Engineered: How the Singularity Might Happen without AGI.” Medium. https://michaelbcurrie.medium.com/the-darwinian-singularity-how-autonomous-ai-agents-may-bootstrap-superintelligence-07063283dbe0
==Adulthood==
==Relatives==
In 1536, Queen Anne fell from the king's favour and was beheaded. Elizabeth, like Mary, was declared illegitimate and stripped of her [[Second Succession Act|succession rights]].<ref>Whitelock, p. 91</ref> Within two weeks of Anne's execution, Henry married [[Jane Seymour]], who urged her husband to make peace with Mary.<ref>Porter, p. 121; Waller, p. 33; Whitelock, p. 81</ref> Henry insisted that Mary recognise him as head of the Church of England, repudiate [[papal authority]], acknowledge that the marriage between her parents was unlawful, and accept her own illegitimacy. She attempted to reconcile with him by submitting to his authority as far as "God and my conscience" permitted, but she was eventually bullied into signing a document agreeing to all of Henry's demands.<ref>Porter, pp. 119–123; Waller, pp. 34–36; Whitelock, pp. 83–89</ref> Reconciled with her father, Mary resumed her place at court.<ref>Porter, pp. 119–123; Waller, pp. 34–36; Whitelock, pp. 90–91</ref> Henry granted her a household (which included the reinstatement of Mary's favourite [[Susan Clarencieux]]).<ref>Loades, p. 105</ref> Mary's privy purse expenses for this period show that [[Hatfield House]], the [[Palace of Beaulieu]] (also called Newhall), [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]] and [[Hunsdon]] were among her principal places of residence, as well as Henry's palaces at Greenwich, [[Palace of Westminster|Westminster]] and [[Hampton Court Palace|Hampton Court]].<ref>Madden, F. (ed.) (1831) ''The Privy Purse Expenses of the Princess Mary'', quoted in Loades, p. 111</ref> Her expenses included fine clothes and gambling at cards, one of her favourite pastimes.<ref>Porter, pp. 129–132; Whitelock, p. 28</ref> Rebels in the North of England, including Lord Hussey, Mary's former chamberlain, campaigned against Henry's religious reforms, and one of their demands was that Mary be made legitimate. The rebellion, known as the [[Pilgrimage of Grace]], was ruthlessly suppressed.<ref>Porter, pp. 124–125</ref> Along with other rebels, Hussey was executed, but there was no suggestion that Mary was directly involved.<ref>Loades, p. 108</ref> The following year, 1537, Jane died after giving birth to a son, [[Edward VI of England|Edward]]. Mary was made godmother to her half-brother and acted as chief mourner at the queen's funeral.<ref>Loades, p. 114; Porter, pp. 126–127; Whitelock, pp. 95–96</ref>
Michael has seven immediate family members: himself, his parents, one sister, [[Carolyn Trottier]], a brother-in-law, [[Maxime Trottier]], and twin nephews [[Cole Trottier]] and [[Bentley Trottier]].
[[File:Mary I by Master John.jpg|thumb|alt=Mary as a young woman|Mary in 1544]]
Mary was courted by [[Philip, Count Palatine|Duke Philip of Bavaria]] from late 1539, but he was [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] and his suit for her hand was unsuccessful.<ref>Loades, pp. 127–129; Porter, pp. 135–136; Waller, p. 39; Whitelock, p. 101</ref> Over 1539, the king's chief minister, [[Thomas Cromwell, 1st Earl of Essex|Thomas Cromwell]], negotiated a potential alliance with the [[Duchy of Cleves]]. Suggestions that Mary marry the [[William, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg|Duke of Cleves]], who was the same age, came to nothing, but a match between Henry and the Duke's sister [[Anne of Cleves|Anne]] was agreed.<ref>Loades, pp. 126–127; Whitelock, p. 101</ref> When the king saw Anne for the first time in late December 1539, a week before the scheduled wedding, he did not find himself attracted to her but was unable, for diplomatic reasons and in the absence of a suitable pretext, to cancel the marriage.<ref>Whitelock, pp. 103–104</ref> Cromwell fell from favour and was arrested for treason in June 1540; one of the unlikely charges against him was that he had plotted to marry Mary himself.<ref>Whitelock, p. 105</ref> Anne consented to the annulment of the marriage, which had not been consummated, and Cromwell was beheaded.<ref>Whitelock, pp. 105–106</ref>
In 1541, Henry had the Countess of Salisbury, Mary's old governess and godmother, executed on the pretext of a Catholic plot, in which her son ([[Reginald Pole]]) was implicated.<ref>Loades, p. 122; Porter, p. 137</ref> Her executioner was "a wretched and blundering youth" who "literally hacked her head and shoulders to pieces".<ref>Contemporary Spanish and English reports, quoted in Whitelock, p. 108</ref> In 1542, following the execution of Henry's fifth wife, [[Catherine Howard]], the unmarried Henry invited Mary to attend the royal Christmas festivities.<ref>Porter, p. 143</ref> At court, while her father was between marriages and without a consort, Mary acted as hostess.<ref>Waller, p. 37</ref> In 1543, Henry married his sixth and last wife, [[Catherine Parr]], who was able to bring the family closer together.<ref>Porter, pp. 143–144; Whitelock, p. 110</ref> Henry returned Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession, through the [[Third Succession Act|Act of Succession 1544]], placing them after Edward. However, both remained legally illegitimate.<ref>Loades, p. 120; Waller, p. 39; Whitelock, p. 112</ref>
Michael has twelve first cousins. In total 33 + 14 children of cousins makes 47 individuals to keep track of, or 54 including his immediate family members also.
Henry VIII died in 1547 and Edward succeeded him. Mary inherited estates in [[Norfolk]], [[Suffolk]] and [[Essex]], and was granted [[Hunsdon]] and [[Palace of Beaulieu|Beaulieu]] as her own.<ref>Loades, pp. 137–138; Whitelock, p. 130</ref> Since Edward was still a child, rule passed to a regency council dominated by Protestants, who attempted to establish their faith throughout the country. For example, the [[Act of Uniformity 1549]] prescribed Protestant rites for church services, such as the use of [[Thomas Cranmer]]'s new ''[[Book of Common Prayer]]''. Mary remained faithful to Roman Catholicism and defiantly celebrated the traditional Mass in her own chapel. She appealed to her cousin Emperor Charles V to apply diplomatic pressure demanding that she be allowed to practice her religion.<ref>Loades, pp. 143–147; Porter, pp. 160–162; Whitelock, pp. 133–134</ref>
| 7: [[Benjamin Atherton]], [[Holly Atherton]], [[Bridget Atherton]], [[Dominic Atherton]], [[Brynn Ellis]], [[Aria Van Viegen]], [[Charlotte Van Viegen]]
|}
For most of Edward's reign, Mary remained on her own estates and rarely attended court.<ref>Porter, p. 154; Waller, p. 40</ref> A plan between May and July 1550 to smuggle her out of England to the safety of the European mainland came to nothing.<ref>Loades, pp. 153–157; Porter, pp. 169–176; Waller, pp. 41–42; Whitelock, pp. 144–147</ref> Religious differences between Mary and Edward continued. When Mary was in her thirties, she attended a reunion with Edward and Elizabeth for Christmas 1550, where 13-year-old Edward embarrassed Mary, and reduced both her and himself to tears in front of the court, by publicly reproving her for ignoring his laws regarding worship.<ref>Porter, p. 178; Whitelock, p. 149</ref> Mary repeatedly refused Edward's demands that she abandon Catholicism, and Edward persistently refused to drop his demands.<ref>Porter, pp. 179–182; Whitelock, pp. 148–160</ref>
This is a cumulative total of 28 individuals. It's notable that while all grandparents are dead, all the others are still alive.
==Accession==
21 on the Currie side, and 27 on the Newman side, for a total of 48. Adding immediate family gives 55, of which 15 are not blood relations.
On 6 July 1553, at the age of 15, Edward VI died from a lung infection, possibly tuberculosis.<ref>Porter, p. 187</ref> He did not want the crown to go to Mary, because he feared she would restore Catholicism and undo his reforms as well as those of Henry VIII, and so he planned to exclude her from the line of succession. His advisers, however, told him that he could not disinherit only one of his half-sisters: he would have to disinherit Elizabeth as well, even though she was a Protestant. Guided by [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland]], and perhaps others, Edward excluded both from the line of succession in his will.<ref>Porter, pp. 188–189</ref>
Contradicting the [[Third Succession Act|Succession Act]], which restored Mary and Elizabeth to the line of succession, Edward named Dudley's daughter-in-law [[Lady Jane Grey]], the granddaughter of Henry VIII's younger sister, [[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary]], as his successor. Lady Jane's mother was [[Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk|Frances Brandon]], Mary's cousin and goddaughter. Just before Edward VI's death, Mary was summoned to London to visit her dying brother. She was warned, however, that the summons was a pretext on which to capture her and thereby facilitate Lady Jane's accession to the throne.<ref>Waller, pp. 48–49; Whitelock, p. 165</ref> Therefore, instead of heading to London from her residence at Hunsdon, Mary fled into [[East Anglia]], where she owned extensive estates and Dudley had ruthlessly put down [[Kett's Rebellion]]. Many adherents to the Catholic faith, opponents of Dudley's, lived there.<ref>Waller, pp. 51–53; Whitelock, p. 165, 138</ref> On 9 July, from [[Kenninghall]], Norfolk, she wrote to the privy council with orders for her proclamation as Edward's successor.<ref>Loades, p. 176; Porter, p. 195; Tittler, pp. 8, 81–82; Whitelock, p. 168</ref>
Michael has 88 additional people to track if one considers second cousins. This figure does not include spouses or [[Lloyd Cooke]]'s children, the names of whom are currently unknown. So 88 + 54 = 142, including spouses and children of second cousins, another 50 people, so perhaps 200 people to keep track of.
On 10 July 1553, Lady Jane was proclaimed queen by Dudley and his supporters, and on the same day Mary's letter to the council arrived in London. By 12 July, Mary and her supporters had assembled a military force at [[Framlingham Castle]], Suffolk.<ref>Porter, p. 203; Waller, p. 52</ref> Dudley's support collapsed, and Mary's grew.<ref>Loades, pp. 176–181; Porter, pp. 213–214; Waller, p. 54; Whitelock, pp. 170–174</ref> Jane was deposed on 19 July.<ref>Porter, p. 210; Weir, pp. 159–160</ref> She and Dudley were imprisoned in the [[Tower of London]]. Mary rode triumphantly into London on 3 August 1553, on a wave of popular support. She was accompanied by her half-sister Elizabeth and a procession of over 800 nobles and gentlemen.<ref>Waller, pp. 57–59</ref>
One of Mary's first actions as queen was to order the release of the Roman Catholic [[Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk|Duke of Norfolk]] and [[Stephen Gardiner]] from imprisonment in the Tower of London, as well as her kinsman [[Edward Courtenay, 1st Earl of Devon (1553 creation)|Edward Courtenay]].<ref>Waller, p. 59; Whitelock, p. 181</ref> Mary understood that the young Lady Jane was essentially a pawn in Dudley's scheme, and Dudley was the only conspirator of rank executed for [[high treason]] in the immediate aftermath of the coup. Lady Jane and her husband, [[Lord Guildford Dudley]], though found guilty, were kept under guard in the Tower rather than immediately executed, while Lady Jane's father, [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk]], was released.<ref>Waller, pp. 59–60; Whitelock, pp. 185–186</ref> Mary was left in a difficult position, as almost all the [[Privy Council of England|Privy Counsellors]] had been implicated in the plot to put Lady Jane on the throne.<ref>Whitelock, p. 182</ref> She appointed Gardiner to the council and made him both [[Bishop of Winchester]] and [[Lord Chancellor]], offices he held until his death in November 1555. [[Susan Clarencieux]] became [[Mistress of the Robes]].<ref>Whitelock, p. 183</ref> On 1 October 1553, Gardiner [[Coronation of the British monarch|crowned]] Mary at [[Westminster Abbey]].<ref>Porter, pp. 257–261; Whitelock, pp. 195–197</ref>
Including all aunts, uncles, grandparents, grandaunts, granduncles, great grandparents, and 2nd cousins once removed, that is 8 + 18 + perhaps 12 cousins more for each side, so perhaps another 50 at least. So his 2nd cousin tree of relations, containing the collective descendants of Alex Currie, John Cooke, Clint Newman, and Joseph Coulter, contains about 100 - 110 individuals.
===Spanish marriage===
**3rd Cousins**
[[File:Philip II.jpg|thumb|right|Philip of Spain by [[Titian]]]]
At age 37, Mary turned her attention to finding a husband and producing an heir, which would prevent the Protestant Elizabeth (still next-in-line under the terms of [[Henry VIII's will]] and the [[Act of Succession of 1544]]) from succeeding to the throne. Edward Courtenay and Reginald Pole were both mentioned as prospective suitors, but her cousin Charles V suggested she marry his only son, [[Philip II of Spain|Prince Philip of Spain]].<ref>Loades, pp. 199–201; Porter, pp. 265–267</ref> Philip had a [[Charles, Prince of Asturias|son]] from a previous marriage and was heir apparent to vast territories in Continental Europe and the New World. As part of the marriage negotiations, a portrait of Philip, by [[Titian]], was sent to her in the latter half of 1553.<ref>Porter, p. 310</ref>
Lord Chancellor Gardiner and the [[House of Commons of England|House of Commons]] unsuccessfully petitioned her to consider marrying an Englishman, fearing that England would be relegated to a dependency of the [[Habsburg]]s.<ref>Porter, pp. 279–284; Waller, p. 72; Whitelock, pp. 202–209</ref> The marriage was unpopular with the English; Gardiner and his allies opposed it on the basis of patriotism, while Protestants were motivated by a fear of Catholicism.<ref>Waller, p. 73</ref> When Mary insisted on marrying Philip, insurrections broke out. [[Thomas Wyatt the younger]] led a force from [[Kent]] to depose Mary in favour of Elizabeth, as part of a wider conspiracy now known as [[Wyatt's rebellion]], which also involved the [[Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk|Duke of Suffolk]], the father of Lady Jane.<ref>Porter, pp. 288–299; Whitelock, pp. 212–213</ref> Mary declared publicly that she would summon Parliament to discuss the marriage, and if Parliament decided that the marriage was not to the advantage of the kingdom, she would refrain from pursuing it.<ref>Porter, p. 300; Waller, pp. 74–75; Whitelock, p. 216</ref> On reaching London, Wyatt was defeated and captured. Wyatt, the Duke of Suffolk, his daughter Lady Jane, and her husband [[Guildford Dudley]] were executed. Courtenay, who was implicated in the plot, was imprisoned, and then exiled. Elizabeth, though protesting her innocence in the Wyatt affair, was imprisoned in the Tower of London for two months, then was put under house arrest at [[Woodstock Palace]].<ref>Porter, pp. 311–313; Whitelock, pp. 217–225</ref>
It's likely Michael has perhaps 300 third cousins, for a total number of relatives out to that level including all descendants, reaching a figure as high as 600.
Mary was—excluding the brief, disputed reigns of the [[Empress Matilda]] and Lady Jane Grey—England's first [[queen regnant]]. Further, under the English common law doctrine of ''[[jure uxoris]]'', the property and titles belonging to a woman became her husband's upon marriage, and it was feared that any man she married would thereby become King of England in fact and in name.<ref>Waller, pp. 84–85; Whitelock, pp. 202, 227</ref> While Mary's grandparents, [[Ferdinand and Isabella]], had retained sovereignty of their own realms during their marriage, there was no precedent to follow in England.<ref>Porter, p. 269; Waller, p. 85</ref> Under the terms of [[Act for the Marriage of Queen Mary to Philip of Spain|Queen Mary's Marriage Act]], Philip was to be styled "King of England", all official documents (including [[Act of Parliament|Acts of Parliament]]) were to be dated with both their names, and Parliament was to be called under the joint authority of the couple, for Mary's lifetime only. England would not be obliged to provide military support to Philip's father in any war, and Philip could not act without his wife's consent or appoint foreigners to office in England.<ref>Porter, pp. 291–292; Waller, p. 85; Whitelock, pp. 226–227</ref> Philip was unhappy at the conditions imposed, but he was ready to agree for the sake of securing the marriage.<ref>Porter, pp. 308–309; Whitelock, p. 229</ref> He had no amorous feelings toward Mary and sought the marriage for its political and strategic gains; Philip's aide [[Ruy Gómez de Silva]] wrote to a correspondent in Brussels, "the marriage was concluded for no fleshly consideration, but in order to remedy the disorders of this kingdom and to preserve the [[Low Countries]]."<ref>Letter of 29 July 1554 in the ''Calendar of State Papers, Spanish'', volume XIII, quoted in Porter, p. 320 and Whitelock, p. 244</ref>
==Childhood Occupations==
[[File:Felipe of Spain and MariaTudor.jpg|thumb|left|alt=Interior scene of the royal couple with Mary seated beneath a coat of arms and Philip stood beside her|Mary and her husband, Philip]]
Michael delivered papers for the [[Chronicle-Journal]], along [[South Hill Street, Thunder Bay|Hill Street South, from Bay Street to Red River Road]]. His boss was a man called Glen. He started the route around 22 August 1992, initially delivering the weekend paper early, at about 8:00, but eventually relaxing this time to at least 2 hours later. Having a paper route gave him the opportunity to know his neighbours. He quit the route around the time he began high school, in 1996.
To elevate his son to Mary's rank, Emperor Charles V ceded to Philip the crown of Naples as well as his claim to the [[Kingdom of Jerusalem]]. Therefore, Mary became Queen of Naples and titular Queen of Jerusalem upon marriage.<ref name=waller90>Porter, pp. 321, 324; Waller, p. 90; Whitelock, p. 238</ref> Their wedding at [[Winchester Cathedral]] on 25 July 1554 took place just two days after their first meeting.<ref>Loades, pp. 224–225; Porter, pp. 318, 321; Waller, pp. 86–87; Whitelock, p. 237</ref> Philip could not speak English, and so they spoke in a mixture of Spanish, French, and Latin.<ref>Porter, p. 319; Waller, pp. 87, 91</ref>
===False pregnancy===
His next job was working at the local cinema, just as it opened: [[SilverCity Thunder Bay]]. He worked there from May 1999 until he finished High School, in June 2001.
In September 1554, Mary stopped menstruating. She gained weight, and felt nauseous in the mornings. For these reasons, almost the entirety of her court, including her doctors, believed her to be pregnant.<ref>Porter, p. 333; Waller, pp. 92–93</ref> Parliament passed an [[Treason Act 1554|act making Philip regent]] in the event of Mary's death in childbirth.<ref>Loades, pp. 234–235</ref> In the last week of April 1555, Elizabeth was released from house arrest, and called to court as a witness to the birth, which was expected imminently.<ref>Porter, p. 338; Waller, p. 95; Whitelock, p. 255</ref> According to Giovanni Michieli, the Venetian ambassador, Philip may have planned to marry Elizabeth in the event of Mary's death in childbirth,<ref>Waller, p. 96</ref> but in a letter to his brother-in-law, [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor|Maximilian of Austria]], Philip expressed uncertainty as to whether his wife was pregnant.<ref>"The queen's pregnancy turns out not to have been as certain as we thought": Letter of 25 April 1554, quoted in Porter, p. 337 and Whitelock, p. 257</ref>
''For Currie's later career, please see his [https://www.linkedin.com/in/michaelbcurrie/ LinkedIn profile].''
Thanksgiving services in the [[diocese of London]] were held at the end of April after false rumours that Mary had given birth to a son spread across Europe.<ref>Waller, p. 95; Whitelock, p. 256</ref> Through May and June, the apparent delay in delivery fed gossip that Mary was not pregnant.<ref>Whitelock, pp. 257–259</ref> [[Susan Clarencieux]] revealed her doubts to the French ambassador, [[Antoine de Noailles]].<ref>Whitelock, p. 258</ref> Mary continued to exhibit signs of pregnancy until July 1555, when her abdomen receded. There was no baby. Michieli dismissively ridiculed the pregnancy as more likely to "end in wind rather than anything else".<ref>Waller, p. 97; Whitelock, p. 259</ref> It was most likely a [[false pregnancy]], perhaps induced by Mary's overwhelming desire to have a child.<ref>Porter, pp. 337–338; Waller, pp. 97–98</ref> In August, soon after the disgrace of the false pregnancy, which Mary considered to be "God's punishment" for her having "tolerated [[Heresy|heretics]]" in her realm,<ref>PBS Video</ref> Philip left England to command his armies against France in [[Flanders]].<ref>Porter, p. 342</ref> Mary was heartbroken and fell into a deep depression. Michieli was touched by the queen's grief; he wrote she was "extraordinarily in love" with her husband, and was disconsolate at his departure.<ref>Waller, pp. 98–99; Whitelock, p. 268</ref>
==Hobbies==
Elizabeth remained at court until October, apparently restored to favour.<ref>Antoine de Noailles quoted in Whitelock, p. 269</ref> In the absence of any children, Philip was concerned that one of the next claimants to the English throne after his sister-in-law was the [[Mary, Queen of Scots|Queen of Scots]], who was betrothed to the [[Francis II of France|Dauphin of France]]. Philip persuaded his wife that Elizabeth should marry his cousin [[Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy]], to secure the Catholic succession and preserve the Habsburg interest in England, but Elizabeth refused to comply and parliamentary consent was unlikely.<ref>Whitelock, p. 284</ref>
===Debate===
===Religious policy===
Michael enjoyed competitive debating from 1996 to 2005. He was Thunder Bay city champion with Andrew Campbell and Aaron Blazina in 1997 and 1999 [1], and again in 2001 with Adam Johns and Kim Chiew. He also re-founded the University of Waterloo Debating Society in Fall 2001 with several other people, including Katya Zolotkova, Karim Hasanen, and Chris Ferguson, and he was president for several terms. He competed in the intercollegiate debate circuit from Fall 2001 to 2005, attending events including WUDC 2001 (Toronto), WUDC 2002 (Stellenbosch), Harvard Invitational (Fall 2002), and numerous events across Eastern Canada.
[[File:Mary I of England by Jacopo da Trezzo 1554.jpg|thumb|right|Bronze medal showing Mary in profile, 1554]]
[[File:Mary1 by Eworth 2.jpg|thumb|right|alt=Mary in an ornate dress|Mary by [[Hans Eworth]], 1554. She wears a jewelled pendant bearing the pearl known as ''[[La Peregrina]]'' set beneath two diamonds.]]
In the month following her accession, Mary issued a proclamation that she would not compel any of her subjects to follow her religion, but by the end of September leading Protestant churchmen—including [[John Bradford]], [[John Rogers (Bible editor and martyr)|John Rogers]], [[John Hooper (bishop)|John Hooper]], [[Hugh Latimer]], and [[Thomas Cranmer]]—were imprisoned.<ref>Tittler, pp. 23–24; Whitelock, p. 187</ref> Mary's first Parliament, which assembled in early October 1553, declared the marriage of her parents valid and [[First Statute of Repeal|abolished Edward's religious laws]].<ref>Loades, pp. 207–208; Waller, p. 65; Whitelock, p. 198</ref> Church doctrine was restored to the form it had taken in the 1539 [[Six Articles (1539)|Six Articles]], which (among other things) re-affirmed clerical celibacy. Married priests were deprived of their [[benefice]]s.<ref>Porter, p. 241; Whitelock, pp. 200–201</ref>
Mary had always rejected the break with Rome instituted by her father and the establishment of Protestantism by her brother's regents. Philip persuaded Parliament to [[Second Statute of Repeal|repeal Henry's religious laws]], thus returning the English church to Roman jurisdiction. Reaching an agreement took many months and Mary and [[Pope Julius III]] had to make a major concession: the monastery lands [[Dissolution of the Monasteries|confiscated under Henry]] were not returned to the church but remained in the hands of their influential new owners.<ref>Porter, p. 331</ref> By the end of 1554, the pope had approved the deal, and the [[Revival of the Heresy Acts|Heresy Acts were revived]].<ref>Loades, pp. 235–242</ref>
===Podcasting===
Under the Heresy Acts, numerous Protestants were executed in the [[Marian persecutions]]. Around 800 rich Protestants, including [[John Foxe]], [[Marian exiles|chose exile]] instead.<ref>Waller, p. 113</ref> The first executions occurred over a period of five days in early February 1555: John Rogers on 4 February, [[Laurence Saunders]] on 8 February, and [[Rowland Taylor]] and John Hooper on 9 February.<ref>Whitelock, p. 262</ref> Thomas Cranmer, the imprisoned [[archbishop of Canterbury]], was forced to watch Bishops [[Nicholas Ridley (martyr)|Ridley]] and [[Hugh Latimer|Latimer]] being [[burned at the stake]]. Cranmer recanted, repudiated Protestant theology, and rejoined the Catholic faith.<ref>Loades, p. 325; Porter, pp. 355–356; Waller, pp. 104–105</ref> Under the normal process of the law, he should have been absolved as a repentant. Mary, however, refused to reprieve him. On the day of his burning, he dramatically withdrew his recantation.<ref>Loades, p. 326; Waller, pp. 104–105; Whitelock, p. 274</ref> In total, 283<!--Ridley and Waller say 283: 227 men and 56 women--> were executed, most by burning.<ref>Duffy, p. 79; Waller, p. 104</ref> The burnings proved so unpopular that even [[Alfonso de Castro]], one of Philip's own ecclesiastical staff, condemned them<ref>Porter, pp. 358–359; Waller, p. 103; Whitelock, p. 266</ref> and another adviser, [[Simon Renard]], warned him that such "cruel enforcement" could "cause a revolt".<ref>Waller, p. 102</ref> Mary persevered with the policy, which continued until her death and exacerbated anti-Catholic and anti-Spanish feeling among the English people.<ref>Waller, pp. 101, 103, 105; Whitelock, p. 266</ref> The victims of the persecutions became lauded as [[List of Protestant martyrs of the English Reformation|martyrs]].<ref>See for example, the [[Oxford Martyrs]]</ref>
From 2016 to 2020 Currie has been a co-host and producer with the [[Let's Make The Future]] podcast, which has produced about 20 episodes as of 2019.
[[Reginald Pole]], the son of Mary's executed governess and once considered a suitor, arrived as papal legate in November 1554.<ref>Loades, p. 238; Waller, p. 94</ref> He was ordained a priest and appointed Archbishop of Canterbury immediately after Cranmer's execution in March 1556.<ref>Porter, p. 357</ref><ref>Although he was in deacon's orders and prominent in the church, Pole was not ordained until the day before his consecration as archbishop (Loades, p. 319).</ref>
===Piano===
===Foreign policy===
Michael took piano lessons from Fall 1988 until 2004, taking a break during the 1991-1992 school year, and from 2001 to 2003. From about 1998 to 2001 he was taught by [[Rick Dewell]]. In 2003 he practiced at University Settlement on Grange Road in Toronto, twice at Don Mills C.I., and in the fall at the Royal Conservatory of Music (just private practicing, without any formal affiliation to the school). At Waterloo he practiced at Conrad Grebel University College in 2003 and 2004.
Furthering the [[Tudor conquest of Ireland]], under Mary and Philip's reign English colonists were settled in the [[Irish Midlands]]. [[County Laois|Queen's]] and [[County Offaly|King's Counties]] (now Counties Laois and Offaly) were founded, and their [[Plantations of Ireland|plantation]] began.<ref>Tittler, p. 66</ref> Their principal towns were respectively named Maryborough (now [[Portlaoise]]) and Philipstown (now [[Daingean]]).
In January 1556, Mary's father-in-law abdicated. Mary and Philip were still apart; he was declared King of Spain in Brussels, but she stayed in England. Philip negotiated an unsteady truce with the French in February 1556. The following month, the French ambassador in England, [[Antoine de Noailles]], was implicated in a plot against Mary when Sir [[Henry Sutton Dudley|Henry Dudley]], a second cousin of the executed [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Duke of Northumberland]], attempted to assemble an invasion force in France. The plot, known as the Dudley conspiracy, was betrayed, and the conspirators in England were rounded up. Dudley remained in exile in France, and Noailles prudently left Britain.<ref>Porter, pp. 381–387</ref>
===Local History===
Philip returned to England from March to July 1557 to persuade Mary to support Spain in a [[Italian War of 1551–59|renewed war against France]]. Mary was in favour of declaring war, but her councillors opposed it because French trade would be jeopardised, it contravened the marriage treaty, and a bad economic legacy from Edward VI's reign and a series of poor harvests meant England lacked supplies and finances.<ref>Whitelock, p. 288</ref> War was only declared in June 1557 after Reginald Pole's nephew, [[Thomas Stafford (rebel)|Thomas Stafford]], invaded England and seized [[Scarborough Castle]] with French help in a failed attempt to depose Mary.<ref>Porter, p. 389; Waller, p. 111; Whitelock, p. 289</ref> As a result of the war, relations between England and the Papacy became strained, since [[Pope Paul IV]] was allied with [[Henry II of France]].<ref>Whitelock, pp. 293–295</ref> In January 1558, French forces [[Siege of Calais (1558)|took Calais]], England's sole remaining possession on the European mainland. Although the territory was financially burdensome, it was an ideological loss that damaged Mary's prestige.<ref>Loades, pp. 295–297; Porter, pp. 392–395; Whitelock, pp. 291–292</ref> According to [[Holinshed's Chronicles]], Mary later lamented, "When I am dead and opened, you shall find 'Calais' lying in my heart", although this may be apocryphal.<ref>Porter, p. 393</ref>
Michael from 2018 to at least 2016 has been interested in the history of Thunder Bay, especially during the economic boom at the turn of the 19th century, writing for Bayview Magazine and at Curriepedia on these topics. ''[[Lakeheadologists|See this list of other local historians of Thunder Bay]].''
===Commerce and revenue===
===Dancing===
[[File:Post Medieval coin, Sixpence of Phillip and Mary (FindID 662681).jpg|thumb|Philip and Mary [[Sixpence (British coin)|sixpence]]]]
Michael took his first dance lessons in Fall 1998, at the [[Dance Centre of Northwestern Ontario]], owned by [[Gina Almgren]]. He took classes there in Fall 1998 and Winter 1999, ending in a performance at the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunder_Bay_Community_Auditorium Thunder Bay Community Auditorium].
The years of Mary's reign were consistently wet. The persistent rain and subsequent flooding led to famine.<ref>Porter, pp. 229, 375; Whitelock, p. 277</ref> Another problem was the decline of the [[Antwerp]] cloth trade.<ref>Tittler, p. 48</ref> Despite Mary's marriage to Philip, England did not benefit from [[Kingdom of Spain|Spain]]'s enormously lucrative trade with the [[Spanish Empire|New World]].<ref>Tittler, p. 49</ref> The Spanish guarded their trade routes jealously, and Mary could not condone [[smuggling|illicit trade]] or [[piracy]] against her husband.<ref>Tittler, pp. 49–50</ref> In an attempt to increase trade and rescue the English economy, Mary's counsellors continued [[John Dudley, 1st Duke of Northumberland|Northumberland]]'s policy of seeking out new commercial opportunities. She granted a [[royal charter]] to the [[Muscovy Company]], whose first governor was [[Sebastian Cabot (explorer)|Sebastian Cabot]],<ref>Porter, p. 371</ref> and commissioned a world atlas from [[Diogo Homem]].<ref>Porter, p. 373</ref> Adventurers such as [[John Lok]] and [[William Towerson]] sailed south in an attempt to develop links with the coast of Africa.<ref>Porter, p. 372</ref>
Michael next took ballroom dancing classes with [[Dolores Niskanen]] in Fall 1999. He didn't do any further dancing until after University.
Financially, Mary's regime tried to reconcile a modern form of government—with correspondingly higher spending—with a medieval system of collecting taxation and dues.<ref>Porter, p. 375; Tittler, p. 51</ref> Mary retained the Edwardian appointee [[William Paulet, 1st Marquess of Winchester]], as [[Lord High Treasurer]] and assigned him to oversee the revenue collection system. A failure to apply new [[tariff]]s to new forms of imports meant that a key source of revenue was neglected. To solve this problem, Mary's government published a revised "Book of Rates" (1558), which listed the tariffs and [[duty|duties]] for every import. This publication was not extensively reviewed until 1604.<ref>Porter, p. 376</ref>
Currie first took up partner dancing seriously in January 2006, beginning with salsa dancing. From January 2007 to February 2017, Currie pursued a competitive dance hobby in International Latin dance.
English coinage was debased under both Henry VIII and Edward VI. Mary drafted plans for currency reform but they were not implemented until after her death.<ref>Porter, p. 376; Tittler, p. 53</ref>
{{quote
|text=
Michael Currie was born in Ontario, Canada. After university, he started dancing salsa at the clubs and in the dance studios of New York City. After moving to Calgary, Alberta in 2007, he took up International Latin dancing.
==Death==
'''Competitions'''
[[File:Mary1 by Eworth 3.jpg|thumb|right|Portrait by [[Hans Eworth]]]]
After Philip's visit in 1557, Mary thought she was pregnant again, with a baby due in March 1558.<ref>Porter, p.398; Waller, pp. 106, 112; Whitelock, p. 299</ref> She decreed in her will that her husband would be the regent during the minority of their child.<ref>Whitelock, pp. 299–300</ref> However, no child was born, and Mary was forced to accept that Elizabeth was her lawful successor.<ref>Whitelock, p. 301</ref>
Mary was weak and ill from May 1558.<ref>Loades, p. 305; Whitelock, p. 300</ref> In pain, possibly from [[ovarian cyst]]s or [[uterine cancer]],<ref>Waller, p. 108</ref> she died on 17 November 1558, aged 42, at [[St James's Palace]], during an [[influenza]] epidemic that also claimed the life of [[Reginald Pole]] later the same day. She was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth. Philip, who was in Brussels, wrote to his sister [[Joan of Austria, Princess of Portugal|Joan]]: "I felt a reasonable regret for her death."<ref>Letter from the King of Spain to the [[Joan of Austria, Princess of Portugal|Princess of Portugal]], 4 December 1558, in ''Calendar of State Papers, Spanish'', volume XIII, quoted in Loades, p. 311; Waller, p. 109 and Whitelock, p. 303</ref>
Since his first competition on 1 March 2008, he's competed mostly in Calgary and Edmonton in Alberta, but also eight times in Vancouver: for Grand Ball from 2010-2013, and Snowball Classic from 2011-2013 and in 2015. In September 2010 he competed at Embassy Ball in Irvine, California, and in July 2014 he competed at a WDSF World Championship event in Italy.
Although Mary's will stated that she wished to be buried next to her mother, she was interred in [[Westminster Abbey]] on 14 December, in a tomb she would eventually share with Elizabeth. The Latin inscription on their tomb, ''Regno consortes et urna, hic obdormimus Elizabetha et Maria sorores, in spe resurrectionis'' (affixed there by [[James I of England|James I]] when he succeeded Elizabeth), translates to: "Consorts in realm and tomb, we, sisters Elizabeth and Mary, here lie down to sleep in hope of resurrection."<ref>Porter, p. 410; Whitelock, p. 1</ref>
He's also competed at the Canada DanceSport Canadian Closed Championships each Easter for six consecutive years from 2010 to 2015: in 2010 (in Calgary), 2011 (in Toronto), 2012 (in Vancouver), 2013 (in Halifax), 2014 (in Montréal), and 2015 (in Calgary).
==Legacy==
'''Best Results'''
{{See also|Cultural depictions of Mary I of England}}
At her funeral service, [[John White (bishop)|John White]], [[bishop of Winchester]], praised Mary: "She was a king's daughter; she was a king's sister; she was a king's wife. She was a queen, and by the same title a king also."<ref>Loades, p. 313; Whitelock, p. 305</ref> She was the first woman to successfully claim the throne of England, despite competing claims and determined opposition, and enjoyed popular support and sympathy during the earliest parts of her reign, especially from the Roman Catholics of England.<ref>Waller, p. 116</ref>
Protestant writers at the time, and since, have often taken a highly negative view of Mary's reign. By the 17th century, the memory of her religious persecutions had led to the adoption of her [[sobriquet]] ''Bloody Mary''.<ref>Waller, p. 115</ref> [[John Knox]] attacked her in his ''[[The First Blast of the Trumpet Against the Monstrous Regiment of Women|First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women]]'' (1558), and she was prominently vilified in ''[[Actes and Monuments]]'' (1563), by [[John Foxe]]. Subsequent editions of Foxe's book remained popular throughout the following centuries and helped shape enduring perceptions of Mary as a bloodthirsty tyrant.<ref>Porter, pp. 361–362, 418; Waller, pp. 113–115</ref>
With Clarice Yau, he won the Adult Pre-Championship Latin events at Wild Rose Ball in 2010 and Snowball Classic in 2011.
Mary is remembered in the 21st century for her vigorous efforts to restore the primacy of Roman Catholicism in England after the rise of Protestant influence during the short-lived reign of her half-brother, Edward. Protestant historians have long denigrated her reign, emphasizing that in just five years she burned several hundred Protestants at the stake in the [[Marian persecutions]]. In the mid-20th century, [[H. F. M. Prescott]] attempted to redress the tradition that Mary was intolerant and authoritarian, and scholarship since then has tended to view the older, simpler assessments of Mary with increasing reservations.<ref>Weikel</ref> A historiographical revisionism since the 1980s has to some degree improved her reputation among scholars.<ref>Loades, David (1989). "The Reign of Mary Tudor: Historiography and Research." ''Albion'' '''21''' (4) : 547–558. [https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/albion/article/the-reign-of-mary-tudor-historiography-and-research/08D58887054B50ADFFD93F606E7DF02B online]</ref> [[Christopher Haigh]] argued that her revival of religious festivities and Catholic practices was generally welcomed.<ref>Haigh, pp. 203–234, quoted in Freeman, Thomas S. (2017). "Restoration and Reaction: Reinterpreting the Marian Church." ''Journal of Ecclesiastical History'' In press. [http://repository.essex.ac.uk/20116/1/JEH%20review%20article%20%28final%20version%29.docx online]</ref> Haigh concluded that the "last years of Mary's reign were not a gruesome preparation for Protestant victory, but a continuing consolidation of Catholic strength."<ref>Haigh, p. 234</ref>
On 13 July 2014, in Rimini, Italy, with Michelle Chan he competed at the WDSF Senior I Latin World Championships, finishing 19th of 43 couples. Michelle and Michael qualified for this event by finishing second at the 2014 Canadian Championships in this age category.
Catholic historians, such as [[John Lingard]], thought Mary's policies failed not because they were wrong but because she had too short a reign to establish them and because of natural disasters beyond her control.<ref>Loades, pp. 340–341</ref> In other countries, the Catholic Counter-Reformation was spearheaded by Jesuit missionaries; Mary's chief religious advisor, Cardinal Reginald Pole, refused to allow the Jesuits into England.<ref>Mayer, Thomas F. (1996). "A Test of Wills: Cardinal Pole, Ignatius Loyola, and the Jesuits in England" in McCoog, Thomas M. (ed.) ''The Reckoned Expense: Edmund Campion and the Early English Jesuits'', pp. 21–38</ref> Her marriage to Philip was unpopular among her subjects and her religious policies resulted in deep-seated resentment.<ref>Loades, pp. 342–343; Waller, p. 116</ref> The military loss of Calais to France was a bitter humiliation to English pride. Failed harvests increased public discontent.<ref>Loades, pp. 340–343</ref> Philip spent most of his time abroad, while his wife remained in England, leaving her depressed at his absence and undermined by their inability to have children. After Mary's death, Philip sought to marry Elizabeth but she refused him.<ref>Porter, p. 400</ref> Although Mary's rule was ultimately ineffectual and unpopular, the policies of fiscal reform, naval expansion, and colonial exploration that were later lauded as Elizabethan accomplishments were started in Mary's reign.<ref>Tittler, p. 80; Weikel</ref>
On 3 April 2015, before a hometown crowd, Michael repeated his second place result in Senior I Latin at the Canadian Championships, this time with a different partner, Angela Mulrooney.
==Titles, style, and arms==
'''Partnership and coaching history'''
[[File:Coat of Arms of England (1554-1558).svg|thumb|Arms of Mary I, [[Impalement (heraldry)|impaled]] with [[Coat of arms of the King of Spain|those of her husband]], Philip II of Spain|alt=Shield bearing many quarterings held between a black eagle and a lion and surmounted by a crowned helm]]
When Mary ascended the throne, she was proclaimed under the same official style as Henry VIII and Edward VI: "Mary, [[by the Grace of God]], [[List of English monarchs|Queen of England]], [[British claims to the French throne|France]] and [[Kingdom of Ireland|Ireland]], [[Fidei defensor|Defender of the Faith]], and of the [[Church of England]] and of [[Church of Ireland|Ireland]] on Earth Supreme Head". The title Supreme Head of the Church was repugnant to Mary's Catholicism, and she omitted it from Christmas 1553.<ref>Loades, pp. 217, 323</ref>
Currie has had seven dance partners. In syllabus he danced with Anna Zhu from 2008 to 2009, then at the pre-championship and championship levels he has danced with:
Under Mary's marriage treaty with Philip, the official joint style reflected not only Mary's but also Philip's dominions and claims: "Philip and Mary, by the grace of God, King and Queen of England, France, [[Kingdom of Naples|Naples]], [[Kings of Jerusalem|Jerusalem]], and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Princes of Spain and [[Sicily]], [[Archduke]]s of [[Austria]], Dukes of [[Rulers of Milan|Milan]], [[Duke of Burgundy|Burgundy]] and [[Duke of Brabant|Brabant]], Counts of [[Habsburg]], [[Count of Flanders|Flanders]] and [[German Tyrol|Tyrol]]".<ref name=waller90/> This style, which had been in use since 1554, was replaced when Philip inherited the Spanish Crown in 1556 with "Philip and Mary, by the Grace of God King and Queen of England, Spain, France, both the Sicilies, Jerusalem and Ireland, Defenders of the Faith, Archdukes of Austria, Dukes of Burgundy, Milan and Brabant, Counts of Habsburg, Flanders and Tyrol".<ref>e.g. Waller, p. 106</ref>
- Clarice Yau (April 2009 - August 2011),
Mary I's [[heraldry|coat of arms]] was the same as those used by all her predecessors since [[Henry IV of England|Henry IV]]: [[Quartering (heraldry)|Quarterly]], [[Azure (heraldry)|Azure]] three [[fleurs-de-lys]] [[Or (heraldry)|Or]] [for France] and [[Gules]] three lions [[Attitude (heraldry)#Passant|passant guardant]] in [[Pale (heraldry)|pale]] Or ([[Royal Arms of England|for England]]). Sometimes, her arms were [[Impalement (heraldry)|impaled]] (depicted side-by-side) with [[Coat of arms of Spain|those of her husband]]. She adopted "Truth, the Daughter of Time" ({{lang-la|Veritas Temporis Filia}}) as her personal motto.<ref>Waller, p. 60; Whitelock, p. 310</ref>
- Angelina Sotnikova (September 2011 - May 2012),
==Ancestry==
- Michelle Chan (May 2012 - 2014),
Both Mary and Philip were descended from legitimate children of [[John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster]], by his first two wives, a relationship which was used to portray Philip as an English king.<ref>Whitelock, p. 242</ref> Mary descended from the Duke of Lancaster by all three of his wives, [[Blanche of Lancaster]], [[Constance of Castile, Duchess of Lancaster|Constance of Castile]], and [[Katherine Swynford]].
{{familytree | | | |Bella|v|Ferd| | | | | | | | | | | |Henry|v|Lisa| | | |Marge|Ferd=[[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]|Bella=[[Isabella I of Castile]]|Lisa=[[Elizabeth of York]]|Henry=[[Henry VII of England]]|Marge=[[Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury]]}}
{{familytree | |Joan| |Maria| |Kate|v|-|-|-|-|Henry| | | |Margaret| |Mary| |Reg|Mary=[[Mary Tudor, Queen of France|Mary Tudor]]|Joan=[[Joanna of Castile]]|Maria=[[Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal|Maria of Aragon]]|Henry=[[Henry VIII of England]]|Kate=[[Catherine of Aragon]]|Reg=[[Reginald Pole]]|Margaret=[[Margaret Tudor]]}}
{{familytree | | | |Phil|-|-|-|-|-|Mary| |Bess| |Eddy| |May| |Jane|Mary=Mary I of England|Phil=[[Philip II of Spain]]|Bess=[[Elizabeth I of England]]|Eddy=[[Edward VI of England]]|Jane=[[Lady Jane Grey]]|May=[[Mary, Queen of Scots]]}}
{{familytree/end}}</center>
===Pedigree===
- Jacqueline Petrohay (2015 - February 2016), and
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Mary I of England'''
|2= 2. [[Henry VIII of England]]
|3= 3. [[Catherine of Aragon]]
|4= 4. [[Henry VII of England]]
|5= 5. [[Elizabeth of York]]
|6= 6. [[Ferdinand II of Aragon]]
|7= 7. [[Isabella I of Castile]]
|8= 8. [[Edmund Tudor, 1st Earl of Richmond]]
|9= 9. [[Lady Margaret Beaufort]]
|10= 10. [[Edward IV of England]]
|11= 11. [[Elizabeth Woodville]]
|12= 12. [[John II of Aragon]]
|13= 13. [[Juana Enríquez]]
|14= 14. [[John II of Castile]]
|15= 15. [[Isabella of Portugal, Queen of Castile|Isabella of Portugal]]
|16= 16. [[Owen Tudor]]<ref name=w148>Weir, p. 148</ref>
|17= 17. [[Catherine of Valois|Catherine of France]]<ref name=w148/>
|18= 18. [[John Beaufort, 1st Duke of Somerset]]<ref name=w148/>
|19= 19. [[Margaret Beauchamp of Bletso]]<ref name=w148/>
|20= 20. [[Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York]]<ref>Weir, p. 133</ref>
|21= 21. [[Cecily Neville]]<ref>Weir, p. 134</ref>
|22= 22. [[Richard Woodville, 1st Earl Rivers]]<ref name=w138>Weir, p. 138</ref>
|23= 23. [[Jacquetta of Luxembourg]]<ref name=w138/>
|24= 24. [[Ferdinand I of Aragon]]<ref name=paget>Paget, p. 99</ref>
|25= 25. [[Eleanor of Alburquerque]]<ref name=paget/>
|26= 26. [[Fadrique Enríquez de Mendoza|Frederick Enríquez, Count of Melgar]]<ref name=paget/>
|27= 27. [[Mariana Fernández de Córdoba y Ayala|Mariana de Córdoba]]<ref name=paget/>
|28= 28. [[Henry III of Castile]]<ref name=w99>Weir, pp. 99–101</ref>
|29= 29. [[Catherine of Lancaster]]<ref name=w99/>
|30= 30. [[John, Constable of Portugal]]<ref name=w99/>
|31= 31. [[Isabella of Barcelos]]<ref name=w99/>
}}
==See also==
- Denise Yang (February 2016 - February 2017).
* [[Tudor period]]
==Notes==
{{reflist|20em}}
==References==
Currie was based from 2007 to 2017 in Calgary, Alberta and during that time was coached by [[Dany Desloges]] [http://www.danyandgosha.com] [https://ca.linkedin.com/in/dany-desloges-716936a9], and few times by his wife Gosha Zelinska. He has also taken lessons with Vibeke Toft, [http://www.wikidancesport.com/wiki/20316/maurizio-vescovo Maurizio Vescovo], Andra Vaidilaite, Anna Trebunskaya, Nikolai Voronovich, Maria Nikolishina, Slavik Kryklyvyy, Andrej Skufca, Richard Porter, and several dancers affiliated with Team Diablo in Italy. He attended multi-day training camps with Maurizio Vescovo in Toronto in July 2011, in Molinella, Italy at Team Diablo in July 2014, at the Dutch Open in Assen, Netherlands in November 2014, and in Caorle, Italy for Team Diablo in July 2015.
* [[Eamon Duffy|Duffy, Eamon]] (2009). ''Fires of Faith: Catholic England Under Mary Tudor''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. {{ISBN|0-300-15216-7}}.
* Haigh, Christopher (1992). ''English Reformations: religion, politics and society under the Tudors''. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
* Hoyle, R. W. (2001). ''The Pilgrimage of Grace and the Politics of the 1530s''. Oxford: Oxford University Press. {{ISBN|0-19-925906-2}}.
* [[David Loades|Loades, David M.]] (1989) ''Mary Tudor: A Life''. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. {{ISBN|0-631-15453-1}}.
* Paget, Gerald (1977). ''The Lineage & Ancestry of HRH Prince Charles, Prince of Wales''. Edinburgh & London: Charles Skilton. {{OCLC|79311835}}.
* [[Linda Porter (historian)|Porter, Linda]] (2007) ''Mary Tudor: The First Queen''. London: Little, Brown. {{ISBN|978-0-7499-0982-6}}.
* Tittler, Robert (1991). ''The Reign of Mary I''. Second edition. London & New York: Longman. {{ISBN|0-582-06107-5}}.
* Waller, Maureen (2006). ''Sovereign Ladies: The Six Reigning Queens of England''. New York: St. Martin's Press. {{ISBN|0-312-33801-5}}.
* Weikel, Ann (2004; online edition 2008). [http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/18245 "Mary I (1516–1558)"] in ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'' {{ODNBsub}}. Oxford University Press. {{doi|10.1093/ref:odnb/18245}}.
* [[Alison Weir|Weir, Alison]] (1996). ''Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy''. London: Pimlico. {{ISBN|0-7126-7448-9}}.
* Whitelock, Anna (2009). ''Mary Tudor: England's First Queen''. London: Bloomsbury. {{ISBN|978-0-7475-9018-7}}.
==Further reading==
'''Other activites'''
* Doran, Susan and Thomas Freeman, eds. (2011). ''Mary Tudor: Old and New Perspectives''. Palgrave MacMillan.
* [[Carolly Erickson|Erickson, Carolly]] (1978). ''Bloody Mary: The Life of Mary Tudor''. Garden City, NY: Doubleday. {{ISBN|0-385-11663-2}}.
* Loades, David M. (1991). ''The Reign of Mary Tudor: Politics, Government and Religion in England, 1553–58''. Second edition. London and New York: Longman. {{ISBN|0-582-05759-0}}.
* [[H. F. M. Prescott|Prescott, H. F. M.]] (1952). ''Mary Tudor: The Spanish Tudor''. Second edition. London: Eyre & Spottiswoode.
* [[Jasper Ridley|Ridley, Jasper]] (2001). ''Bloody Mary's Martyrs: The Story of England's Terror''. New York: Carroll & Graf. {{ISBN|0-7867-0854-9}}.
* Waldman, Milton (1972). ''The Lady Mary: a biography of Mary Tudor, 1516–1558''. London: Collins. {{ISBN|0-00-211486-0}}.
* [[R. B. Wernham|Wernham, R. B.]] (1966). ''Before the Armada: the growth of English foreign policy, 1485-1588''. London: Jonathan Cape.
==External links==
From May 2012 to May 2015 Currie served on the Board of Directors for DanceSport Alberta Association (DSAB) [www.dancesportalberta.org], a regional body in Canada that forms part of Canada DanceSport (CDS), the Canadian chapter of the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF). During that time he also volunteered as treasurer for DSAB. He was co-chairman of the 25th Alberta Winter Classic, held 22 March 2014 in Calgary. From 2015 to 2017 he founded and chaired a program called Ballroom at School [https://web.archive.org/web/20151215075508/http://www.ballroomatschool.org/ www.ballroomatschool.org], which introduced ballroom dancing to about five Calgary-area schools, including Sir Wilfrid Laurier Public School, in January 2016 and January 2017 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a3_kSmMEHPk].
{{Commons|Mary I of England}}
|author=Michael Currie, dance biography, on World DanceSport Federation website [[https://www.worlddancesport.org/Athlete/Detail/Michael_Currie-ae51fcd8-15d5-4623-b912-9e1401378a78#tabPage=4]]
* {{cite DNB|wstitle=Mary I (1516-1558)}}
}}
* {{cite EB1911|wstitle=Mary I., Queen}}
* {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/mary_i_queen.shtml|title=Mary I (1516–1558)|publisher=BBC}}
{{S-start}}
After moving to Asia, Currie has mostly stopped dancing, except for occasional social dance events. He was a member of the Bangkok Touch Bachata Team, led by Alex and Saori, for 3 seasons around 2019. His partner was [https://www.linkedin.com/in/rosana-sripong-cfa-600859131 Rosana "Sana" Siripong].
{{S-bef|before=[[Edward VI]] or [[Lady Jane Grey|Jane]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[List of English monarchs|Queen of England]] and [[King of Ireland|Ireland]]|years=1553–1558|regent1=[[Philip II of Spain|Philip]]|years1=1554–1558}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Elizabeth I]]}}
{{S-roy}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-vac|rows=2|last=[[Isabella of Portugal]]}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Queen consort of Naples]] <br> [[Duchess of Milan]]|years=1554–1558}}
{{S-vac|rows=2|next=[[Elisabeth of Valois|Elisabeth of France]]}}
{{S-break}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Queen consort of Spain]], [[List of Sardinian consorts|Sardinia]] and [[List of Sicilian consorts|Sicily]] <br> [[Duchess of Burgundy]]|years=1556–1558}}
{{S-end}}
{{English, Scottish and British monarchs}}
On 5 July 2019, Currie and the Bangkok Touch performed at the "COLADA" The Original Latin Dance Congress 2019. [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aFuZiWIx4XU].
Through his paternal grandfather Jack (head of sales in the 1970s for Centra Gas in Port Arthur), he descends from a family involved in the rail industry, and previously the wool industry, arriving from Galashiels, Scotland, into Almonte, Ontario in 1882.
Through his paternal grandmother Lucy Cooke, he descends from Welsh and English in the rail industry who immigrated to Winnipeg around 1913.
Through his maternal grandfather Bruce Newman (an engineer of electrical power meters for Sangamo in Toronto in the 1960s), although born in New York, he descends from relatively wealthy Irish and English farmers who arrived around 1845 to Essex County, Ontario, ironically having the deepest roots in Canada among Michael's four grandparents.
Through his maternal grandmother Ruth Coulter (an award-winning piano teacher), he descends from long-lived, deeply religious farmer immigrants, from Scotland (arriving 1841 to Puslinch, Ontario) and Ireland (arriving 1871 to Milverton, Ontario).
At the time of his birth, his mother had just completed law school at the University of Western Ontario. A month after his birth, he moved permanently with his mother and father to Ron's hometown, living at 71 South Hill Street, Thunder Bay, Ontario. [2]
When his mother began articling to begin her law career in September 1982, his maternal grandmother Ruth Newman moved in to help raise him. She left in June 1983 after his father finished teaching for the school year.
With his parents and sister he spent a year in Dijon, France, from Fall 1987 to Spring 1988, and during this time he attended l’école maternelle Marmuzots [which closed in 2022].
Besides this stint, he spent his formative years in Thunder Bay, attending Pine Street School from Kindergarten until Grade 6, École Gron Morgan Public School from Grade 7 to Grade 8, and Hammarskjold High School from Grade 9 until his Ontario Academic Credit (OAC, or Grade 13) year. He graduated from high school in June 2001.
In August 2000 Currie acted in Kim Hansen's summer stock production of Dirty Work at the Crossroads, acting as hillbilly "Mookie McGuggins" opposite Hansen, and others, including Jenny Costanzo [3]. The play was staged in the atrium of Old Fort William. That December, he also acted in a comedy show for a corporate event Hansen had booked.
From September 2001 Currie attended the Universty of Waterloo. He received his degree in Mathematical Sciences in Spring 2007.
From 2007 until 2016 Currie lived primarily in Calgary, Alberta, working as a software developer and analyst in the financial services industry.
Since 2016 Currie has resided mostly in Asia. In 2018 he founded Fling (now known as Fling AI), which as of 2024 provides AI software and services for the logistics industry. From 2020 to 2025 was a director of the Thai-Canadian Chamber of Commerce.
Death
As of 2019 according to actuarial tables, Currie's expected year of death is 2057, at age 75.
Avelino Javer, Michael Currie, Chee Wai Lee, Jim Hokanson, Kezhi Li, Céline N Martineau, Eviatar Yemini, Laura J Grundy, Chris Li, QueeLim Ch’ng, William R Schafer, Ellen AA Nollen, Rex Kerr, André EX Brown. (2016). “Open-source platform for analyzing and sharing *C. elegans* behavior data.” Nature Methods. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6284784/
Szigeti, B., Gleeson, P., Vella, M., Khayrulin, S., Palyanov, A., Hokanson, J., Currie, M. B., Cantarelli, M., Idili, G., Linaro, D., Birgiolas, J., et al. (2018). “OpenWorm: overview and recent advances in integrative biological simulation of Caenorhabditis elegans” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences **373** (1758). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0382
Srivilaithon, W., Khunkhlai, N., Currie, M. (2025). “Flight testing of drone-delivered automated external defibrillators for simulated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in suburban Thailand.” *Scientific Reports* **15**, 6936. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-91924-x
Currie, Michael B. "A life devoted to dance" (a biography of Thunder Bay's Amelia Jackson). Bayview Magazine, 23 September 2023. [4]
Michael has twelve first cousins. In total 33 + 14 children of cousins makes 47 individuals to keep track of, or 54 including his immediate family members also.
This is a cumulative total of 28 individuals. It's notable that while all grandparents are dead, all the others are still alive.
21 on the Currie side, and 27 on the Newman side, for a total of 48. Adding immediate family gives 55, of which 15 are not blood relations.
Michael has 88 additional people to track if one considers second cousins. This figure does not include spouses or Lloyd Cooke's children, the names of whom are currently unknown. So 88 + 54 = 142, including spouses and children of second cousins, another 50 people, so perhaps 200 people to keep track of.
Including all aunts, uncles, grandparents, grandaunts, granduncles, great grandparents, and 2nd cousins once removed, that is 8 + 18 + perhaps 12 cousins more for each side, so perhaps another 50 at least. So his 2nd cousin tree of relations, containing the collective descendants of Alex Currie, John Cooke, Clint Newman, and Joseph Coulter, contains about 100 - 110 individuals.
3rd Cousins**
It's likely Michael has perhaps 300 third cousins, for a total number of relatives out to that level including all descendants, reaching a figure as high as 600.
Childhood Occupations
Michael delivered papers for the Chronicle-Journal, along Hill Street South, from Bay Street to Red River Road. His boss was a man called Glen. He started the route around 22 August 1992, initially delivering the weekend paper early, at about 8:00, but eventually relaxing this time to at least 2 hours later. Having a paper route gave him the opportunity to know his neighbours. He quit the route around the time he began high school, in 1996.
His next job was working at the local cinema, just as it opened: SilverCity Thunder Bay. He worked there from May 1999 until he finished High School, in June 2001.
Michael enjoyed competitive debating from 1996 to 2005. He was Thunder Bay city champion with Andrew Campbell and Aaron Blazina in 1997 and 1999 [1], and again in 2001 with Adam Johns and Kim Chiew. He also re-founded the University of Waterloo Debating Society in Fall 2001 with several other people, including Katya Zolotkova, Karim Hasanen, and Chris Ferguson, and he was president for several terms. He competed in the intercollegiate debate circuit from Fall 2001 to 2005, attending events including WUDC 2001 (Toronto), WUDC 2002 (Stellenbosch), Harvard Invitational (Fall 2002), and numerous events across Eastern Canada.
Podcasting
From 2016 to 2020 Currie has been a co-host and producer with the Let's Make The Future podcast, which has produced about 20 episodes as of 2019.
Piano
Michael took piano lessons from Fall 1988 until 2004, taking a break during the 1991-1992 school year, and from 2001 to 2003. From about 1998 to 2001 he was taught by Rick Dewell. In 2003 he practiced at University Settlement on Grange Road in Toronto, twice at Don Mills C.I., and in the fall at the Royal Conservatory of Music (just private practicing, without any formal affiliation to the school). At Waterloo he practiced at Conrad Grebel University College in 2003 and 2004.
Local History
Michael from 2018 to at least 2016 has been interested in the history of Thunder Bay, especially during the economic boom at the turn of the 19th century, writing for Bayview Magazine and at Curriepedia on these topics. See this list of other local historians of Thunder Bay.
Michael next took ballroom dancing classes with Dolores Niskanen in Fall 1999. He didn't do any further dancing until after University.
Currie first took up partner dancing seriously in January 2006, beginning with salsa dancing. From January 2007 to February 2017, Currie pursued a competitive dance hobby in International Latin dance.
Michael Currie was born in Ontario, Canada. After university, he started dancing salsa at the clubs and in the dance studios of New York City. After moving to Calgary, Alberta in 2007, he took up International Latin dancing.
Competitions
Since his first competition on 1 March 2008, he's competed mostly in Calgary and Edmonton in Alberta, but also eight times in Vancouver: for Grand Ball from 2010-2013, and Snowball Classic from 2011-2013 and in 2015. In September 2010 he competed at Embassy Ball in Irvine, California, and in July 2014 he competed at a WDSF World Championship event in Italy.
He's also competed at the Canada DanceSport Canadian Closed Championships each Easter for six consecutive years from 2010 to 2015: in 2010 (in Calgary), 2011 (in Toronto), 2012 (in Vancouver), 2013 (in Halifax), 2014 (in Montréal), and 2015 (in Calgary).
Best Results
With Clarice Yau, he won the Adult Pre-Championship Latin events at Wild Rose Ball in 2010 and Snowball Classic in 2011.
On 13 July 2014, in Rimini, Italy, with Michelle Chan he competed at the WDSF Senior I Latin World Championships, finishing 19th of 43 couples. Michelle and Michael qualified for this event by finishing second at the 2014 Canadian Championships in this age category.
On 3 April 2015, before a hometown crowd, Michael repeated his second place result in Senior I Latin at the Canadian Championships, this time with a different partner, Angela Mulrooney.
Partnership and coaching history
Currie has had seven dance partners. In syllabus he danced with Anna Zhu from 2008 to 2009, then at the pre-championship and championship levels he has danced with:
- Clarice Yau (April 2009 - August 2011),
- Angelina Sotnikova (September 2011 - May 2012),
- Michelle Chan (May 2012 - 2014),
- Angela Mulrooney (2015),
- Jacqueline Petrohay (2015 - February 2016), and
- Denise Yang (February 2016 - February 2017).
Currie was based from 2007 to 2017 in Calgary, Alberta and during that time was coached by Dany Desloges[5][6], and few times by his wife Gosha Zelinska. He has also taken lessons with Vibeke Toft, Maurizio Vescovo, Andra Vaidilaite, Anna Trebunskaya, Nikolai Voronovich, Maria Nikolishina, Slavik Kryklyvyy, Andrej Skufca, Richard Porter, and several dancers affiliated with Team Diablo in Italy. He attended multi-day training camps with Maurizio Vescovo in Toronto in July 2011, in Molinella, Italy at Team Diablo in July 2014, at the Dutch Open in Assen, Netherlands in November 2014, and in Caorle, Italy for Team Diablo in July 2015.
Other activites
From May 2012 to May 2015 Currie served on the Board of Directors for DanceSport Alberta Association (DSAB) [www.dancesportalberta.org], a regional body in Canada that forms part of Canada DanceSport (CDS), the Canadian chapter of the World DanceSport Federation (WDSF). During that time he also volunteered as treasurer for DSAB. He was co-chairman of the 25th Alberta Winter Classic, held 22 March 2014 in Calgary. From 2015 to 2017 he founded and chaired a program called Ballroom at School www.ballroomatschool.org, which introduced ballroom dancing to about five Calgary-area schools, including Sir Wilfrid Laurier Public School, in January 2016 and January 2017 [7].
— Michael Currie, dance biography, on World DanceSport Federation website [[8]]
After moving to Asia, Currie has mostly stopped dancing, except for occasional social dance events. He was a member of the Bangkok Touch Bachata Team, led by Alex and Saori, for 3 seasons around 2019. His partner was Rosana "Sana" Siripong.
On 5 July 2019, Currie and the Bangkok Touch performed at the "COLADA" The Original Latin Dance Congress 2019. [9].
![[4]](https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/wzdoegkjesowoozkb8yvc/2023-09-23-04.26.54.jpeg?rlkey=rmoxkso6lfs1rm7ni23y57ygw&st=hcmsptyy&dl=0){kind=link}